Life history strategies, population regulation, and implications for fisheries management1
نویسنده
چکیده
Life history theories attempt to explain the evolution of organism traits as adaptations to environmental variation. A model involving three primary life history strategies (endpoints on a triangular surface) describes general patterns of variation more comprehensively than schemes that examine single traits or merely contrast fast versus slow life histories. It provides a general means to predict a priori the types of populations with high or low demographic resilience, production potential, and conformity to density-dependent regulation. Periodic (long-lived, high fecundity, high recruitment variation) and opportunistic (small, short-lived, high reproductive effort, high demographic resilience) strategies should conform poorly to models that assume density-dependent recruitment. Periodic-type species reveal greatest recruitment variation and compensatory reserve, but with poor conformity to stock–recruitment models. Equilibriumtype populations (low fecundity, large egg size, parental care) should conform better to assumptions of densitydependent recruitment, but have lower demographic resilience. The model’s predictions are explored relative to sustainable harvest, endangered species conservation, supplemental stocking, and transferability of ecological indices. When detailed information is lacking, species ordination according to the triangular model provides qualitative guidance for management and development of more detailed predictive models. Résumé : Les théories démographiques cherchent à expliquer l’évolution des caractéristiques des organismes comme des adaptations à la variation du milieu. Un modèle qui comprend trois stratégies démographiques primaires (les points extrêmes d’une surface triangulaire) décrit les patrons généraux de variation de façon plus complète que les méthodes qui examinent des caractéristiques individuelles ou qui se limitent à classifier les cycles biologiques en « rapides » et « lents »; il fournit une méthodologie générale pour prédire a priori les types de populations qui possèdent des degrés faibles ou élevés de résilience démographique, de potentiel de production et de conformité au contrôle lié à la densité. Les stratégies périodiques (forte longévité, fécondité élevée, importante variation du recrutement) et opportunistes (petite taille, vie courte, effort reproductif élevé, grande résilience démographique) devraient mal s’accommoder des modèles qui présupposent un recrutement relié à la densité. Les espèces de type périodique possèdent la variation de recrutement et la réserve de compensation les plus grandes, mais elles s’ajustent mal aux modèles de stock– recrutement. Les populations de type équilibré (fécondité basse, oeufs de grande taille, soins parentaux) devraient s’ajuster mieux aux présuppositions de recrutement relié à la densité, mais elles ont une résilience démographique plus faible. Les prédictions du modèle sont examinées en ce qui a trait à la récolte soutenable, la conservation des espèces menacées, le stockage d’appoint et la transférabilité des indices écologiques. Quand il manque de renseignements précis, une ordination des espèces d’après le modèle triangulaire fournit un guide qualitatif pour la gestion et la mise au point de modèles prédictifs plus détaillés. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Winemiller 885
منابع مشابه
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تاریخ انتشار 2005